Introduction to Financial Services Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Financial Services - Case Study Example Fifty years ago, financial services has accounted for less than 3 percent of GDP in the US and developed Europe, which at present, is mounted to almost 10 percent (Stephenson 2005). Thus, the financial services industry is one of the many industries that produce rapid growth in the world economy (Stephenson 2005). The modern financial industry witnessed 1986 as the 'big bang' era that opened London up more widely to international competition through electronic trading (Harris 1998). The onset of computer technology and global telecommunications systems has undoubtedly brought rapid changes that likewise brought changes to financial services. A widening of shared ownership and investment opportunities from few to many has been heralded by this development (Harris 1998). This development has bid adieu to the usage of a stockbroker, as it has now been possible for one to buy and sell certain financial investments through a visit to the local bank or using the computer. Before the onset of advanced technology and computerization, there used to be a clear difference between a retail bank and a building society, or an insurance company, which all had a separate business from the retail bank. Today, financial institutions cannot be easily differentiated as the differences between them are disappearing while they continuously compete against each other to sell services that used to be sold by just one portion of the sector (Harris 1998). The past witnessed each firm with a narrow band of services, which it offered to a wide range of consumers and business clients. Even the payment system was controlled by commercial banks that have the authority to clear checks and drafts. Today, payments and money are facilitated electronically in volumes that are not easily handled in the physical form (Johnson 2000). Mortgage finance, which is now traded as securities, is likewise available from a wide range of sources while securities firm offer corporate and gover nment securities as investment avenues (Johnson 2000). Even insurance companies provide products that compete with investments, which can be obtained through securities firms. It may be inferred that the dynamics of the banking industry have been permanently changed by mutual funds, which is an outcome of recent technology advancement (Johnson 2000). The same advancement has blurred traditional roles, causing difficulty to distinguish the product of a commercial bank from that of another financial institution. Banks are now selling insurance, with some having taken over some insurance firms. Virgin Boots offers a range of insurance companies in much the same way as Marks &Spencer sells investment products and pensions (Harris 1998). Likewise, if one needs a mortgage, he can go to a building society, a bank, an insurance company, and even a local supermarket. Financial services also witnessed the rapid growth of telephone call centres and helplines with their increased staffing jobs. A process of significant change in a period of new alignments in domestic markets and increased global competition is currently faced by the financial services industry (Johnson 2000). For several years, bank deposits have served as the basis for the country's payment mechanism, until such time electronic banking occurred, replacing physical

Dialectial Journal Essay Example for Free

Dialectial Journal Essay Dialectical Journals But today he saw one of the rivers secrets, one that gripped his soul. He saw that the water continually flowed and flowed and yet it was always there; It was always the same and yet every moment it was new. pg. 102 C)Slddhartha ponders about a secret of the river. It Is one that he never realized before. The water flows continuously and remains constant. It Is the same, and yet It Is new. Life seems to be like this. Everyone of us has life, and we live It. The world eems to continuously move and go on, despite the changes that happen. People die and people are born: people succeed and people fall. Every moment Is new, yet the world keeps going, time Is constant and does not stand still for anyone. The river teaches Siddhartha a lesson that he does not fully comprehend at that moment, yet remains an Important lesson to learn. But today he saw one of the rivers secrets, one that gripped his soul. He saw that the water continually flowed and flowed and yet it was always there; it was always the C)Siddhartha ponders about a secret of the river. It is one that he never realized before. The water flows continuously and remains constant. It is the same, and yet it is new. Life seems to be like this. Everyone of us has life, and we live it. The world and people are born: people succeed and people fail

Comparing Rich Citizens of New York in the 1920s: Attitudes on Philanthropy :: American America History

Comparing Rich Citizens of New York in the 1920's: Attitudes on Philanthropy How did the rich of Hudson Valley and Harlem New York differ in behavior patterns and personal attitudes towards home ownership during 1920 to 1925? Even with the distinction of race between Hudson valley rich and Harlem rich are the two groups in anyway similar? The rich of Hudson Valley did not feel the need nor the obligation to be philanthropical towards their under class counterparts. They were desensitized towards the needs of the poor and unfortunates of society. The Harlem rich however, felt a moral and spiritual obligation to help those less fortunate then themselves to become more prosperous so that they could aspire to the joys of home ownership. Only if they felt the individuals were worthy of their help. What were the Hudson Valley rich like? They were made up of two classes of people the Robber Barons and the Mayflower rich. In "The Rich and The Super - Rich" Ferdinand Lundberg writes that the Robber Barons gained their wealth thought crime. He writes "Crime: The Highroad to Wealth. Either sound instinct or certain knowledge led Kefauver, Kennedy, Vanderbilt and J.P. Morgan to link notorious under world figures with the business world. For crime is a historically established highroad to American fortune building. If earlier men came into the upper propertied class by means of violent crime, it would seem that later criminal practitioners might be heading toward the same dubious salvation. So assiduously and unscrupulously did the earlier fortune-builders work that one might suppose they believed that in attaining wealth they were attaining eternal life." The Mayflower rich considered themselves the true Americans since their families history could be traced all the way back the firs t Dutch settlers who settled in the Hudson Valley area. They did not accept the Robber Barons with open arms until their fortunes over powered the Mayflower rich in comparison. F. Scott Fitzgerald once wrote "Let me tell you about the very rich. They are different from you and me. They possess and enjoy early, and it does something to them, makes them soft where we are hard, and cynical where we are trustful, in a way that, unless you were born rich, it is difficult to understand. They think, deep in their hearts, that they are better than we are because we had to discover the compensations and refuges of life for ourselves.

male female relationships :: essays research papers

My impressions of the opposite sex are diverse and have changed throughout my life. As a child born into a family of three girls, my exposure to the opposite sex was limited. The only real male in my life was my father. I never viewed him as the opposite sex because he was my dad. He was a strict, authoritative figure and a great protector. My early impressions of the opposite sex were that of great strength and security, both physically and emotionally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I entered adulthood and encountered the opposite sex on a new level it was quite a learning experience. I realized although the male is physically stronger than the female, the female is emotionally stronger. The male tends not to be too much of a thinker where a woman definitely is a thinker and dwells on many aspects of life. The male is more visually stimulated where the female is more emotionally stimulated. Women need to be heard and reassured and men don’t give that as much as women would like. It seems to me that men don’t need the same emotional support women need, and so the conflict begins! What both sexes need to do is listen and pay attention to one another. Also to realize that what you need is not always what others need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a mother my view of the opposite sex is different. As a mother of two sons, I see how different boys are as opposed to girls, even early in life. I have learned that boys/men are physical beings from birth. Is it genetic or is it society’s conditioning? I am not sure but it makes me believe that it is not something that is chosen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -2-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do women have more power than men? In some ways I would say yes they do? Women seem to be more in tune to their emotions and can deal with many situations at one time. male female relationships :: essays research papers My impressions of the opposite sex are diverse and have changed throughout my life. As a child born into a family of three girls, my exposure to the opposite sex was limited. The only real male in my life was my father. I never viewed him as the opposite sex because he was my dad. He was a strict, authoritative figure and a great protector. My early impressions of the opposite sex were that of great strength and security, both physically and emotionally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I entered adulthood and encountered the opposite sex on a new level it was quite a learning experience. I realized although the male is physically stronger than the female, the female is emotionally stronger. The male tends not to be too much of a thinker where a woman definitely is a thinker and dwells on many aspects of life. The male is more visually stimulated where the female is more emotionally stimulated. Women need to be heard and reassured and men don’t give that as much as women would like. It seems to me that men don’t need the same emotional support women need, and so the conflict begins! What both sexes need to do is listen and pay attention to one another. Also to realize that what you need is not always what others need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a mother my view of the opposite sex is different. As a mother of two sons, I see how different boys are as opposed to girls, even early in life. I have learned that boys/men are physical beings from birth. Is it genetic or is it society’s conditioning? I am not sure but it makes me believe that it is not something that is chosen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -2-   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do women have more power than men? In some ways I would say yes they do? Women seem to be more in tune to their emotions and can deal with many situations at one time.

West African Slave Trade

The West African Slave Trade was a global event that focused on West Africa. It was the sale and ownership of another human being that was put into slavery. It was a â€Å"forced Migration† that lasted 300 years. It was an event that forced 15, 000, 000 people into slavery for a lifetime. From 1551 – 1850 about 15,000,000 people were brought into the slave trade it is said that roughly 5,000,000 did not survive, and may have immediately died before making through the shock of enslavement.About 10,000,000 people in the western hemisphere survived and were sold on the auction block. Generations continued into slavery, the offspring was also brought into slavery. The owners liked the idea of their slaves reproducing. This meant their work force would grow without having to spend much money on slaves. About 250,000,000 lived in slavery throughout the 300 years. West Africa was the source of the slave trade. Between 1450 and the end of the nineteenth century, slaves were obt ained from along the west coast of Africa with the full and active co-operation of African kings and merchants.Slavery was also a traditional part of African society — various states and kingdoms in Africa operated one or more of the following: chattel slavery, debt bondage, forced labor, and serfdom. Ghana, Mali, Songhai were kingdoms that had large economies and supported large populations, they had knowledge of agriculture, and grew many different crops that sustained many people. Because of the West African Slave Trade, These kingdoms were affected by greed and would often go to war and capture prisoners to sell into slavery. Why West Africa? It was all about Economics.Europeans looked toward West Africa because of their knowledge of cultivation and technologies. Expanding European empires in the New World lacked one major resource — a work force. In most cases the natives had proved unreliable (most of them were dying from diseases brought over from Europe), and E uropeans were no fit to the climate and suffered under tropical diseases. Africans, on the other hand, were excellent workers: they often had experience of agriculture and keeping cattle, they were used to a tropical climate, resistant to tropical diseases, and they could be â€Å"worked very hard† on plantations or in mines.There were two kinds of slaves that were sold; the chattle slave who are productive or field slaves, who usually held a lower status, worked to produce marketable goods. And companion slaves a domestic or house slaves that performed menial household duties for their masters and had a more intimate connection with owner. The companion was recognized as human, usually raised and educated their owners children. A companions slave’s standard of living was much better than the chattle slave who was a field worker looked at as an animal.The chattle slave was more of a commodity to the owner in the hardest form of labor. Humanity was stripped of him was t reated very badly and was worked to death. Slaves were forced to work in cotton and tobacco fields. 90% of slaves were chattle slaves. Europeans needed money to hire a work force. Instead they invested by purchasing slaves who were forced work for no money. Shock of enslavement The people of West Africa went through a 5 step process that forced them into enslavement. The first would be captivity. Slave traders would come into the villages and drag the people out of their homes.Or a captured soldier would be sold to slave trade. Slave traders were experienced; they immediately chained their victims by the neck onto a pole to keep the victims from running. Journey from the interior is the second step. The slave traders walked 20-50 mile with 10 captives at a time, keeping down the chance for a rebellion. By 1850 the slave traders were walking up to 100 miles having to go deeper into Africa. Some captives resisted by crippling themselves in hopes that the slave traders would just leave them behind, some may have succeeded, others may have been killed.Suicide would be their last option. Another form of resistance would be collaboration, where the victim would â€Å"offer† to guide the slave traders to other villages where they would capture other young men for the slave trade. The third step to this process would be the collection centers. Europeans rarely entered the interior of Africa, due to fear of disease and fierce African resistance. The enslaved people would be brought to coastal outposts where they would be traded for goods. Victims were taken to the coastal areas and put in dungeons that were castles built as collection centers.Meanwhile the slave traders gathered enough people to fill a ship to cross the Atlantic. The victims were placed in dark rooms with people of different ethnic groups and different languages making it very hard to communicate. Once the slave traders had enough passengers for the ship, they would move the people by night, tak ing them to the bottom of the ship and not letting them come up to see daylight until they were miles away. The next step is the middle passage. In the 1550’s there â€Å"human cargo† for the slave trade.Levels were built within the ship with narrow walkways, and boards measuring 2 1/2 by 6’ft. were placed next to each other. As many boards as would fit were laid on each level of the ship. They placed as many as 300 boards for 300 people. By the 1750’s – 1800’s Ships were packed to the fullest. They had 2 people per plank, chained down to the plank for a period of 2 ? – 3 months. Most of the people died during the middle passage. Many had never been on a ship, sick and laying in their own waste. Thousands of slaves died during transportation.They were kept chained up in excessively cramped conditions without sufficient food, water, or exercise, throughout the long Atlantic voyage to the Americas and West Indies. They were not fed prop erly; dying from disease or depression, the slave traders had no interest in their well-being. The dead were thrown into the ocean; millions of people were thrown into the ocean throughout the 300 years of slave trading. The human cargo ships were also known as â€Å"death ships†, and could be identified by the smell death and waste when high wind blew and ships sailed into port.Because of their malnutrition and poor physical appearance, people were brought to the deck of the ship and forced to exercise, 10 at a time. This provoked attempts of either overpowering the men on the ship, to jump off the ships, or attack the slave traders which led to either suicide or getting killed. Some of the men were able to overpower the ships and unchain the slaves, some ships never made it to the ports, because of the overpowering of the ship, or because of the certain weather conditions. The 5th step of the process would be the final step.Once arrived at the port the victims would be take n to cells to wait for the auction. Looking very weak, doctors were hired specifically to help the victims look presentable. Once the slaves had been worked on, they were put on display for people to choose and bid on. The victims were stripped down to bareness, people would â€Å"check† the people, looking at their bodies, teeth, and even checking for lice. Once the people made these observations, the bidding would begin. Now the victims became slaves for the rest of their life. These were the 5 steps that forced a free person into enslavement.This brought the Transatlantic Slave Trade or triangular trade. Also known as the â€Å"Golden Triangle†. The profits made from the global trade of sugar, tea and coffee were the major driving force behind the triangular trade. For centuries it provided substantial quantities of venture capital for the industrial revolution and the development of the western European economy. The Transatlantic Slave Trade consisted of three jour neys: 1). The outward passage from Europe to Africa carrying manufactured goods. 2). The middle passage from Africa to the Americas or the Caribbean carrying African captives and other ‘commodities’. ). The homeward passage carrying sugar, tobacco, rum, rice, cotton and other goods back to Europe. African survival The first years for the colonists were very difficult; there was limited amount of food. The West African slaves had knowledge of certain technologies that resulted in the production of food. This was a process used in West Africa, the people made their own â€Å"fishing nets†. The people would find streams that would lead to fish population, closing in sections and trapping fish in large amounts. They also used concoction.Which is a method used by extracting the oxygen in the water, this made the fish rise to the surface. Other technologies like Cattle ranching, the cultivation of rice and sugar were also expanding in the western hemisphere. The concep t of rice cultivation was introduced to the colonial South Carolina 20 years into the colony. Economics, this was a way the colonists made money. The rice cultivation became one of the main crops in colonial South Carolina. The West African people also built shelters using materials available to them, and building shelters out of the West African design.Because colonial South Carolina had swamp areas in their environment, transportation was very difficult. The West African built the main type of transportation which was a small watercraft or canoe of the West African design. The colonists could have not survived if not for the West African slaves. All these methods used were a form of African survival in direct form. From 1739-1820 the population of people coming directly from West Africa was growing. These people had been free people, not born into slavery.The chances for rebellion grew, and slaves were outnumbering their owners. September 9, 1739 was the day of the Stono Rebellion ; it was the largest rebellion mounted by slaves against slave owners in colonial America. The Stono Rebellion's location was near the Stono River in South Carolina. Slaves in the Carolina wanted to reach St. Agustine FL, because the Spanish had spread the word that slaves were going to be free there and land will be given to them. 100 slaves rise up against the colonists, get to an armory, trying to escape to the swamps of Florida.The inexperienced slaves were, encountered by the experienced militia, resulting in the killing of 30 colonists and 60 slaves. Uncomfortable with the increasing numbers of blacks for some time, the white colonists had been working on a Negro Act that would limit the privileges of slaves. This act was quickly finalized and approved after the Stono Rebellion. No longer would slaves be allowed to grow their own food, assemble in groups, earn their own money, or learn to read. Some of these restrictions had been in effect before the Negro Act, but had not bee n strictly enforced.

Professional Knowledge and Abilities

Professional Knowledge and Abilities Free Online Research Papers Maintaining professional knowledge and abilities is essential to one’s career success. The continued striving for additional knowledge related to one’s professional field, or the attainment of knowledge from reliable and credible sources and organizations, allow an individual to possess the knowledge and abilities needed to succeed within a particular field. Various organizations and associations allow an individual from any professional field to further develop or enhance professional abilities and knowledge of a chosen profession. American Psychological Association Overview The American Psychological Association is the largest association of psychologists with over 150,000 members. This global organization functions with the mission to aid society as a whole by improving lives of those dealing with psychological illness. Working continually to advance knowledge of mental illness, awareness, and treatment methods the American Psychological Association is the optimal source for professional knowledge and abilities for any individual entering or currently working within the field of psychology (American Psychological Association, 2010). Increasing Professional Knowledge and Abilities The individual seeking to enter or currently working within the psychology field will find a plethora of opportunity for increasing his or her professional knowledge and abilities through membership with the American Psychological Association. The organization’s purpose is to advance psychology both as a science and profession, and to also act as the leading means to the promotion of health, education, and human welfare (American Psychological Association, 2010). The American Psychological Association offers its members in all branches of psychology encouragement and continually seeks to improve the understanding and methods of psychology through research. The association also implores its members to hold to very high standards of ethics, conduct, education and achievement. The member of the American Psychological Association is able to enhance or further develop his or her knowledge and abilities through various meetings, reports, discussions and publications and acts as a valuable resource for professional contacts (American Psychological Association, 2010). Impact on Career Success The individual seeking a career in psychology will undoubtedly find the American Psychological Association to have vast impact on his or her career success. By becoming a member of the association one is able to achieve increased success with the utmost respect from colleagues and clientele when one follows the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. These principles and code of conduct supply the professional with a guide to behavior which will enable the professional to function within the professional field and address many issues of ethical dilemmas the professional may face throughout his or her career (American Psychological Association, 2010). For the new professional just entering the field these guidelines are essential for success and advancement potential. The American Psychological Association also makes available to the professional countless resources for credible and current information regarding any matter related to psychology which will enable the professional to always have access to valuable information required for treating those who suffer from mental illness. In addition, the association acts as the source for scholars seeking a degree in psychology to learn the standards associated with scholarly writings one will be required to complete throughout one’s educational experience (American Psychological Association, 2010). Conclusion In any profession one must continue to attain higher levels of professional knowledge and abilities in effort to achieve professional success. Regardless of the chosen career path an individual follows failure to seek additional knowledge and enhanced professional abilities will limit the chances of success in modern society which is ever-changing. Through research one is able to assimilate oneself with various professional organizations and associations such as the American Psychological Association, which offer valuable resources to the professional which can increase success for the professional in his or her chosen field. References American Psychological Association. (2010). About the American Psychological Association. Retrieved Feburary 5, 2010, from apa.org/about/ American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct 2002. Retrieved Feburary 5, 2010, from apa.org/ethics/code2002.pdf Research Papers on Professional Knowledge and AbilitiesThree Concepts of PsychodynamicInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Sales and Monitoring Essays

Sales and Monitoring Essays Sales and Monitoring Essay Sales and Monitoring Essay Sales and Monitoring BY strawHat27 Chapter I The Project and its Background Inventory and Monitoring System is an effective way for monitoring and tracking different products and materials that are transferred in and out of a companys warehouse or establishment, store or market place usually for accounting purposes. It is also important for a company to monitor all the transactions, events or movements of goods in order to keep an account of all their stocks. However in some establishments or company, the inventory of the product is done manually in such a ay that an employee writes down the information of different products every time it is transferred in and out of the room. The same case applies in CLB Property Office; and as a result, the inventory and monitoring system becomes prone to human error and would be more time consuming which will most likely be a loss for the institute. In CLB Property Office, there is a corresponding form for every incoming or outgoing item (from the stock room). These forms serve as the basis of comparison when inspecting; that is, the amount of item that goes in or out must tally with those ritten in the forms. Afterwards, all the forms and records used in the transactions will then be kept for future reference. Besides, inventories are being computed every day without any tally or documentation for everyday inventory. Their inventory is being done once a week, but most of the time, monthly. In addition to the complexity of the process, the employee responsible on this task also needs to check the stocks once in a while so as to monitor which items are already getting below the allowable minimum quantity. Because of the draining work, there were circumstances when he inventory record in the admin does not tally with the actual amount of the available items. Another thing to consider in manual inventory is prone to errors since it is unavoidable that the employee assigned to do the sales and inventory would commit mistakes. Introduction Technologies have been a very important role in our daily lives. It helps us to make our works easier and faster. This modern technology has helped us develop more advance system to the community. System that have features and capabilities to provide the needs of the people. Many systems and technologies have been developed especially nowadays.

The Broken Spears essays

The Broken Spears essays Leon-Portilla, Miguel,ed. The Broken. Boston: Beacon Press, 1992 The Broken Spears written by Miguel Leon-Portilla is a book that goes into depth about the conquest of Mexico starting in 1519 from the point of view of the conquered Aztecs. The book talks about everything significant in the Aztec society that took place during this time of conquest. It goes over the first news of Cortez' and the Spaniards arrival. To Montecuhzoma's belief of the gods, and his association that he made between the Gods and the Spaniards. It goes over each single conquest That Cortez's troops made early. It also talks about the allies gained by the Spanish, and the acceptance of the Spanish and the surrender of Tenochtitlan. It also touches on the revolt of the Aztec people that lead to the terror and the end of the Aztec civilization. This book tells all this from the Aztec point of view. This book would be a great on to recommend to others. After reading this book one can say that the Aztec people went from the conquerors to the conquered. First the Aztecs were driven away by established tribes, then the Aztecs began to develop an empire of immense wealth and power by the late fifteenth century. The empire expanded to include many people from numerous tribes. One tribe that was apart of the Aztec empire were the Cempoala, who would later aid the Spanish in defeating the Aztecs. Because of the "Melting pot" within the empire, the Aztecs had a very diverse culture. However one man and his army brought the Aztecs to their knees. On November of 1519, the Aztec leader Montezuma received reports of small mountains floating off the Mexican coast. At one point the Spaniards were thought of to be Quetzalcoatl, the legendary figure who had one day promised to return from across the ocean. In distress Montezuma sent messengers bearing gifts to the Spanish ships, in order to greet these "gods". But, the Aztec leader was not alone in his attempt to gain acc ...

The Pubic Symphysis in Forensic Osteology Essay

The Pubic Symphysis in Forensic Osteology - Essay Example The pubic symphysis worn at their surfaces as age advances. It is possible to estimate the age of a dead person by examining the wear and tear at the surfaces of pubic symphysis. "When the changes are made according to the symphyseal formula technique, it is found that age estimates based on this single event are more dependable than similar age estimates from other bones. This technique has made age estimation from unknown skeletal remains more realistic, more accurate and more dependable." (Parikh, C. k., 1990) "The Pubic symphysis, a symphysis is a false joint, is the junction of the two pubic bones lying roughly 4-5 inches below the navel. This junction is bridged by cartilage that acts as a cushion between the two bones." (Houck, M. M. & Siegel, J. A., 2006) The pubic symphysis is the central cartilaginous joint which unites the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones. The location of pubic symphysis is anterior to the urinary bladder and superior to the external genitalia: which above the vulva for females and above the penis for males. The suspensory ligament of the penis of males is attached to the pubic symphysis, whereas clitoris in females is in close connection. Pubic symphysis is derived from the Greek word "symphysis" which means growing together. It belongs to the category of non-synovial amphiarthrodial joint. Pubic symphysis has its anterior width 3-5 mm greater than its intrapelvic posterior width. Pubic symphysis is connected by fibro cartilage and its centre is avascular. The ends of both pubic bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage. The fibro cartilaginous disk is reinforced mainly by many ligaments of which superior and inferior ligaments are important. The strong and thicker superior ligament is reinforced by the tendons of rectus abdominis, obliques externus, gracilis and thigh adductors muscle. The inferior ligament of pubic arch is known as the arcuate pubic ligament. Pubic symphysis is 9-10 mm width during birth, with thick cartilaginous end plates. During adulthood the end plates decreases in width to thinner layer. Pubic disc is thicker in females which permits more movement of the pelvic bones, and thus provides a greater diameter of pelvic cavity during delivery. "The pubic symphysis is less deep, and the pubic arch is wider and more rounded than in the male, where it is an angle rather than an arch." (Gray, H. 1918) (BBC News, 2001) During pregnancy, hormones like relaxin remodels the hyaline cartilage thereby allowing the pelvic bones to be more flexible for delivery. The normal non-pregnant gap of the symphysis pubis is 4-5 mm. but in pregnancy, the width increases at least by 2-3 mm, and thus, there is a total width of up to 9mm for pregnant women. During delivery, the pubic symphysis separates to some degree and this separation can leads to diastases of the syphysis pubis. The diastases could be the result of a rapid birth or a forceps delivery or may be prenatal. A diastases of the pubic symphysis is a symptom of pelvic girdle pain. Historically, symphysiotomy used to be done when labour failed to progress due to large size of the head of the fetes and consequently the fetes' skull was crushed. Fractures of pelvis are important in forensic pathology in two aspects - First, a great amount of force is required to disrupt the pelvic ring. Second,

Syria and Iraq Post-Hashemite Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Syria and Iraq Post-Hashemite Leadership - Essay Example   Syria also had the same scenario because the dictatorial rule stills reigned. However, the dictatorial rule did not affect the economic stability of both nations. The aim of the regimes was power rather than economic tussles. The only setback was that the increase of the coups paved way for many coups. In this regard, the dictatorial rule was experienced even during the reign of Saddam Hussein in Iraq. Qasim was a great leader, although he applied autocratic leadership. His assertiveness made the country economically stable during the reign. His ability to harness the support of the Soviet Union was instrumental in keeping the British off the oil-rich zones of Iraq. The leader made great strides in the protection of the natural resources of the Republic of Iraq. The initiation of a constitution for the country portrayed him as a democratic leader. Tripp asserts that anarchy was counterproductive during the reign of King Faisal.2 The leader was also a man of the people because he had direct contact with his subjects, although the tendency enabled his opponents to stage a coup incognito. The leader also allowed the freedom of expression. The fact that the civil rights groups, al-Rabita, were clamoring for the freedom to the women indicated that the leaders were liberal although the Islamic culture prohibits the women from certain practices. The leader’s ignorance of the outsid ers and the internal rebels was spotted. His protection of the oil reserves of the nation was important for the nation’s economic stability. The Iraq Petroleum Company played a major role in the extraction, processing, control, and supply of oil. The company had the machinery and equipment for the extraction of oil from oil wells.  

Operations Decision Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operations Decision - Research Paper Example The managers need to develop the skills of handling all the operational problems that arise during the course of decision making. It is important that all the environmental factors are taken into account so that the managers have all the information about the internal and external factors important for the organization’s improved performance and make effective decisions with utmost ease. In order to achieve the maximum level of operational efficiency, the managers need to make sure that they allocate the resources appropriately and utilize them in the best possible manner; the decision for resource allocation is very crucial and it is important that all the factors are properly taken into account. In case of small companies, the environment tends to be less competitive and the decisions can be made on the basis of intuition that require minimum quantitative analysis; while, in the case of large organizations that are operating in a huge market, the managers need to use both qu alitative and quantitative methods so that economical decisions are taken (Matasniemi, 2008). ... y in the case is the Operational Research method as it is the most scientific method of identifying the problems that arise in the management of operations of the business that comprise of employees, machines, material, resources along with macro environment factors such as government, defense, business and industry (Banarjee, 2012). Inline Skating Industry The company â€Å"Skating International† has its own market and currently, there are few competitors that are making foils and sails that are used by few skaters. The brand name is â€Å"Achievers† and it will be the only brand that will provide superb quality skating shoes at reasonable prices. The main aim of the company is to provide the customers with skating accessories that will help them in fulfilling their desire of having exceptional sensation towards enjoying skating. Research has shown that the companies that are manufacturing these accessories don’t use the sails that must be designed for skating; in fact, the sails are suitable for skateboards and windsurfing. Although there are many manufacturers of skates but still there is no single company that is manufacturing the skates’ accessories. The products that are being offered by the company will be Skate Sails, Blade Boots and Skate Aid. All of these products will be made from superb quality raw materials so that they are durable and the customers get their value for money. Competitor Analysis In order to survive in the dynamic environment in which changes are taking place at an accelerating rate, it is important that the companies do their environmental analysis on an ongoing basis. The skate sales have increased drastically in the last couple of years and the distribution within and outside the country has doubled as well. Although Skating

How did southeast Asia use Western ideas of selfgovernance and Essay

How did southeast Asia use Western ideas of selfgovernance and modernity in their struggles for independence - Essay Example In order to resist this colonial rule and to attain independence, these nations employed several ideals. Of most significant, they applied the western ideas of self-governance and modernity in their struggle for independence (Ruiz, 86). Western ideas spread throughout the countries of Southeast Asia in form of governance and more sophisticated political infrastructure. It was through these established infrastructures that these nations organized several grassroots campaigns and resistance towards the colonial rule. Moreover, the extent and fashion of government, the rising centralization of power and the growth of domestic administrations reflected the impact of European organizational practices (Beeson, 3). Influence of Western Ideas in Southeast Asia Struggle for Independence The colonial period attributed a hypothetical division of independence by European public authorities. There was a lot of influence from the traditional leadership to the colonial rule. The systems of the colo nial rule acquired some privileges from native rulers, originally by publicly owned state ventures and later on, through executive colonial administrators from the European states. This inspiration would count within the bigger expression of European empires while the original drive of colonialism was purely mercantilist. In this way, the core global law standard of esteem for independent states, disintegrated into an adversative selectivity and arbitrariness of states believed to deserve of independence by other, more influential states (Desierto, 396). In most cases, the colonial authorities assigned some administrative powers to the co-opted local rulers thereby changing legal frameworks towards imbalanced relationships. However, the realm of customary law dealt with matters of personal status, although the legal administrations restrained the individual rights and freedoms by controlling and supervising instead of fostering and liberating. The imbalanced relationships sowed the seeds of aspirations towards nationalism, independence and autonomy. The aspirations were mostly because of the different laws applied to the Europeans and the native population (Desierto, 417). In addition, the power bestowed on the new leader brought about an old order, a western-educated middle-class. Of these, most of them were doctors, civil servants, intellectuals, businesspersons, lawyers, and even students. Some had received their higher education in Europe or the United States. The influence of western economic forces and the growth of social services during the last century of the colonial rule instigated this change. For instance, the peasant obtained new ideas concerning garbage removal, latrines, alterations in his farming techniques and other advances (Mills, 4). The root of the1898 revolution in the Philippines was the ideas of the European enlightenment, where they were against Spain first, and then against the U.S. It was a modern nationalist revolution brought back to the Philippines and incorporated freedom, individuality, and citizenship. However, it was also a pre-national resistance movement because it rested in the resistance of people enlightened by the values of folk Christianity. Actually, the struggle itself instigated the creation of a political society founded on Euro-American suppositions of national community (Ruiz, 84). On the other

Auto Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Auto Biography - Essay Example My mother has a rough life, and she is disabled, being a DID with multiple personality disorder, so I help her out as well. Naturally, I am an outgoing, generous, and carefree person. I am smart can learn anything fast, and have a great memory. I have always had a lot of friends at home, school and work. I have always been a leader and I understand how to take on a task and complete with quality. People look up to me at my workplace, and I have been the motivator in the departments I have worked at. I got my GED in 2004 went to the Art institute in Dallas TX for 2 years for visual communications, but stopped going when my mom got ill. Went to Westwood college in Dallas TX for graphic design for a year, but ended it when I found out they are not an accredited school and my credits would not transfer. I finally found Letourneau University from a coworker at work telling me about it. I am going for my bachelors in business management, but also want to get back into graphic and web design after accepting my diploma. I thought an art degree needed something I could fall back on, so going for business since I seem to be good at it in my career. I currently pursue a Bachelor of Arts, Business Management, Letourneau University, Longview, TX, and hopes to graduate in fall 2015. I am a service and administrative professional with more than 10 years of experience leading teams and providing exceptional customer service to clients. I am dedicated to transitioning knowledge and skills from previous experience to build a solid career in the auto finance field. I worked at LA QUINTA, Dallas, TX, from 2002 to 2007, as a front office manager, where I conducted administrative operations, served as first point of contact for all guests, and attended customer phone calls to make room reservations. In addition, I coordinated bookings for conventions, tours, and groups of 50+ people, and collected payments on

How did southeast Asia use Western ideas of selfgovernance and Essay

How did southeast Asia use Western ideas of selfgovernance and modernity in their struggles for independence - Essay Example In order to resist this colonial rule and to attain independence, these nations employed several ideals. Of most significant, they applied the western ideas of self-governance and modernity in their struggle for independence (Ruiz, 86). Western ideas spread throughout the countries of Southeast Asia in form of governance and more sophisticated political infrastructure. It was through these established infrastructures that these nations organized several grassroots campaigns and resistance towards the colonial rule. Moreover, the extent and fashion of government, the rising centralization of power and the growth of domestic administrations reflected the impact of European organizational practices (Beeson, 3). Influence of Western Ideas in Southeast Asia Struggle for Independence The colonial period attributed a hypothetical division of independence by European public authorities. There was a lot of influence from the traditional leadership to the colonial rule. The systems of the colo nial rule acquired some privileges from native rulers, originally by publicly owned state ventures and later on, through executive colonial administrators from the European states. This inspiration would count within the bigger expression of European empires while the original drive of colonialism was purely mercantilist. In this way, the core global law standard of esteem for independent states, disintegrated into an adversative selectivity and arbitrariness of states believed to deserve of independence by other, more influential states (Desierto, 396). In most cases, the colonial authorities assigned some administrative powers to the co-opted local rulers thereby changing legal frameworks towards imbalanced relationships. However, the realm of customary law dealt with matters of personal status, although the legal administrations restrained the individual rights and freedoms by controlling and supervising instead of fostering and liberating. The imbalanced relationships sowed the seeds of aspirations towards nationalism, independence and autonomy. The aspirations were mostly because of the different laws applied to the Europeans and the native population (Desierto, 417). In addition, the power bestowed on the new leader brought about an old order, a western-educated middle-class. Of these, most of them were doctors, civil servants, intellectuals, businesspersons, lawyers, and even students. Some had received their higher education in Europe or the United States. The influence of western economic forces and the growth of social services during the last century of the colonial rule instigated this change. For instance, the peasant obtained new ideas concerning garbage removal, latrines, alterations in his farming techniques and other advances (Mills, 4). The root of the1898 revolution in the Philippines was the ideas of the European enlightenment, where they were against Spain first, and then against the U.S. It was a modern nationalist revolution brought back to the Philippines and incorporated freedom, individuality, and citizenship. However, it was also a pre-national resistance movement because it rested in the resistance of people enlightened by the values of folk Christianity. Actually, the struggle itself instigated the creation of a political society founded on Euro-American suppositions of national community (Ruiz, 84). On the other

Human Resource Management in Construction Essay

Human Resource Management in Construction - Essay Example Training involves various methods and programs all with intentions of improving workers performance and also self-fulfilment. Due to current advancements, training applies to all kinds of employees from line workers to chief executive officer. Construction companies require a skilled workforce and thus encourage training to improve efficiency in their organizations. Developmental training programs involve broader skills that apply to a wider several situations. It will further increase the competence of the employees. According to the section, 42 of the Industrial Relations Act, 1990 stipulates for the formulation of draft Regulation of Practice by the Labour Relations Commission. The code of practice includes general guidelines on the application of grievance and disciplinary procedures. The law outlines principles of fair procedures between the employees and their employers. The procedures are necessary to ensure that claims are dealt with in relation the principles of natural justice and fairness. They are essential in maintaining discipline in the workplace by implementing disciplinary measures in a consistence manner that is fair to all people involved.2 The procedures have an advantage in that they allow for updating n reviewing periodically being consistent with changing circumstances and developments in the workplace and employment legislations. There are number of stages in handling discipline and grievance procedures. In the first instance, one needs to raise the issue with the immediate officer. If not solved the matter can progress to higher management following the agreed arrangements. According to Acas’ booklet â€Å"code of practice 1: Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures† (2009) Third party may be involved to aid in solving the issue. He may be either an internal or external mediator as long as he is not part of the disciplinary or grievance issue.3 Some cases will not be capable of being solved

Understand how to set up a home based childcare service Essay Example for Free

Understand how to set up a home based childcare service Essay This was the name of the green paper produced in response to the laming inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbie in 2000. It went on to form the basis of the 2004 children’s act. The paper lists five outcomes which were identified in consultation with children and young people; Being healthy; enjoying good physical and mental health and living a healthy lifestyle staying safe; being protected from harm and neglect. Enjoying and achieving ; getting the most out of life and developing the skills for adulthood making a positive contribution; being involved with the community and society and not engaging in anti-social or offending behaviour economic well- being; not being prevented by economic disadvantage from achieving their full potential in life. Children’s act 2004 This act sets out the processes for integrating services to children in England and wales, requiring local authorities and their partners to co-operate in promoting the welfare and wellbeing of children.it created the post of children’s commissioner for England and introduced the requirement for local authorities to have a director of children’s services. Children’s act 1989 First acknowledgement in UK law of children’s rights, none as ‘the needs of the child are paramount`. Education act 1993   Secretary of state are required to publish a code of practise for children with special educational needs parents of children under 2 years have the right to ask for the child to be formally assessed. Data protection act 1998 It protects sensitive personal information being published without a person’s consent. where children are involved consent has to be given by a parent or guardian. Food safety (general food hygiene) regulations 1995 Local authorities require registered child-minder’s are to register with their local environmental health department and obtain the following  document. ‘safer food, better business for childminders` Special educational needs and disability act 2001 This act protects persons from discrimination on the grounds of a disability, and it requires that reasonable adjustments must be made to services, provisions and/or premises so that disabled persons do not suffer significant disadvantages compared to non-disabled persons. Children are covered by this legislation as they are persons in the eyes of the law. Role of regulatory bodies Regulatory bodies in the UK are Ofsted (England) The fundamental role of these regulatory bodies is to ensure that all children receive the best possible care in all settings a child attends away from their home. The systems they have in place will also reassure parents, guardians and carers who have to be able to entrust their child to an organisation or individual to look after. They will make sure you meet the welfare requirement’s and learning and development requirement’s as set out in the early years statutory framework for the early years foundation stage, Are a suitable person to provide care for children and can promote an environment where children are well cared for, are safe and their learning and development is catered for. The regulatory bodies have processes and systems to control home based childcare in the following ways. Registration – This covers checks on you, other adults who live with you and the premises where you plan to carry out your business. Inspection This is when inspectors carry out checks on the service you offer and on you once you are registered they produce a report which is then available on the websites of the regulatory bodies and must be offered to parents. Investigation – Following a complaint or concern, an inspector may carry out an investigation into your childcare service to make sure that you are meeting and complying with the welfare requirements. This is in addition to an inspection. Enforcement – If you do not meet the welfare requirements  or standards of your country, the regulatory body can take action against you.in England there are five general welfare requirements. Safeguarding and promoting children’s welfare Suitable people Suitable premises, environment and equipment Organisation Documentation. 1.2 Develop policies and procedures for; * Accidents, illness and emergencies The safety of your child is paramount and I will take every measure I can to protect your child from hurting themselves. However, sometimes accidents do happen. I have written the following procedure on how I will deal with such a situation: *I will comfort the child and reassure them. *I will assess the extent of their injuries and if necessary call for medical support/ambulance. *I will give any first aid procedures that are necessary. I have been trained to carry out to these procedures and have required certificate. *Once the child is more settled I will contact you as soon as possible to inform you of the accident, and if necessary I will ask you to return to care for your child / meet me at the hospital. After every accident, however minor I will: *Complete a report in my accident book. *Ask you to sign the report. If the incident requires any medical treatment then I will: *Inform Ofsted *Inform my Insurance Company. *Contact the NCMA for additional advice/support. It is important that you keep me informed regarding your child’s condition following an accident and if you have sought medical advice. Back up registered childminder:_____________________________ Known responsible adult:________________________ *Behaviour Biting can be an uncomfortable subject for parents of both the biter and the child who is bitten. I hope that this policy will explain how I deal with biting in my home. Please do discuss any concerns you may have regarding this issue with me. If your child is known to bite I would prefer to know in advance. Children bite for a variety of reasons. This may be because they are teething, frustrated, exploring using their mouth, asserting their independence and wanting to gain control, maybe of a toy or they could be stressed. It may also be because they want to gain attention. I will work with you and your child to establish when and why they are biting. I will observe the child closely to see if certain conditions or situations trigger the behavior and then work with them to try and avoid the incidents occurring. This may involve altering the child’s routine, giving them more one to one attention, purchasing additional resources so sharing is not such a major issue or if it is because a child is teething provide suitable teething resources. I will ensure that if a child is bitten that they are comforted and given lots of attention. I will ensure that any first aid is applied correctly if required and the incident will be recorded in my book and parents asked to sign it. If your child bites then I will remove them from the situation. I will explain to them, according to their age and understanding that biting is unacceptable behavior. For younger child this may be by my tone of voice and facial expressions rather than lots of words. It may be necessary for me to exclude the child from an activity and use ‘time out’ until they are calm enough to return. I will also encourage the child to apologize to the child they have bitten and work with them to develop strategies to help them deal with the reasons. Many children go through a stage of biting, please don’t be alarmed it doesn’t last forever! Please sign and date to say you have read and understand Managing Behavior Policy Promoting positive behavior is very important and I do this by: *Giving lots of praise for good behavior *Giving the children individual attention so they feel valued *Setting a good example, being a good role model *Listening to what the children have to say *Rewarding good behavior (choosing next activity etc) *Giving children stickers for good behavior, sharing etc. I help the children understand my house rules, which are realistic and I am consistent in the enforcing of them. I do not give out confusing signals, Saying No means No! I am aware of the different reasons why children misbehave and will endeavour to keep to routines so that your child feels safe and is not over tired or hungry. However all children will misbehave at sometime. I have developed several different strategies on how to deal with a child misbehaving and use different ones depending on the age/stage of ability of the child and the situation: *Distraction. Remove the child from the situation and give them an alternative activity. *Ignore. Depending on the situation I may ignore the bad behavior as I feel it is being done to get a reaction. *Discuss with Child. If the child is able to understand I will discuss their behavior and try and get them to appreciate the consequences of their actions on others. I inform them that it is their behavior I do not like, not them. *Time Out. Removing the child from the activity and sitting them quietly for a few minutes. I will never smack, shake or hurt your child. I will not humiliate your child. If a child misbehaves I will let you know by either writing it in their contact book or by ringing you later after collection. Some children can become upset if the incident is retold in front of them. I will also inform you of how the matter was dealt with. If you have any concerns regarding the managing of your child’s behavior, please do not hesitate to contact me. It is important that we work together on managing behavior in order not to confuse your child. Please sign and date to say you have read and understand *safeguarding My responsibility as a childminder is to ensure the safety and welfare of children in my care. I have received training on safeguarding children issues and am aware of the signs and symptoms of abuse, physical, emotional and sexual, and those of neglect. If I have any reason to suspect a problem I will seek advice from the Child Protection Team and / or discuss with the parent. If I have reason to believe that any child in my care is being  abused in any way I will follow the local safeguarding children board procedures and report the matter to the Social Services. Under these circumstances I will not be able to keep information relating to your child confidential, but will need to share it with Ofsted, Social Services and the Police if requested. Please sign and date to say you have read and understand Equal opportunities I give all children in my care the opportunity to reach their full potential. Sometimes this means adapting an activity to the child’s ability and stage of development, providing additional resources or giving one child more attention and support than others during a particular activity or routine. All children in my care are given the opportunity to play with all the toys (subject to health and safety with children under 3 years of age). No toys are just for girls or just for boys. I try to ensure my toys reflect positive images of children and people from different cultures and with different abilities. No child in my care will be discriminated against in anyway, whether for their skin colour, culture, gender, ability or religion. I will challenge any remarks that I feel are inappropriate. I encourage the children in my care to learn more about their own culture and to find out about the culture and religions of other children. We do in this in a fun way through sharing book s, cooking and eating food from around the world. I encourage the children to develop a healthy respect of each other’s differences and to value everyone as an individual. I encourage Parents to share with us any festivals, special occasions or artefacts, which may enhance the children’s learning and understanding. Please sign and date to say you have read and understand All these policies will be implemented by letting the parents no on signing the contract and experience along the way as working as a professional child-minder. 1.3 Explain the importance of confidentiality and data protection. It is important to maintain confidentiality in order to build a relationship of trust between the parent and child-minder. It is important that they can trust you with their personal data and have peace of mind that  you will respect data they have provided. A child –minder is looking after the parent’s most precious thing in their life their child, therefore a relationship of trust and a mutual respect is incredibly important. One sure way of losing this trust is to disrespect the importance of the data to which you are provided. If you cannot be trusted with personal information it may become difficult for a parent to trust you with their child. It is also important to maintain confidentiality to protect the children the children in your care as well as their families, sharing information with the consent of the parent can be of great benefit as long as every party involved is working for the best interest of the child. In the interest of safety the sharing of information could save a child’s life for example medical issues or allergies. Sharing of information can also support learning as a setting can build a solid base for teaching based on a child’s likes and dislikes. If there is an issue at home that affects the child’s behaviour or progress for instance a family death sharing of information can help all involved understand the situation and deal with it appropriately. The main priority should be the interest of the child and this is where it is important to have up to date record, respectfully handled and shared responsibly with parent’s permission.

Intelligent Transmit Power Control

Intelligent Transmit Power Control The Intelligent Transmit Power Control In Expanding The Limitation Of Range For Bluetooth Communication For Indoor Navigation System Jamilah Binti Mohamed INTRODUCTION As time goes by, the technology is grown up very fast. The technology is created and invented according to the necessities of consumers. In addition, there have many scientist did researched and experiment to find the solutions for our problems in our life. Therefore, some of researcher had found the Bluetooth technology to settle several problems that come into our life. For instants, we need a cable to transfer any information and to have that cable, we need to spend our money to buy it. Thus the creation of Bluetooth can reduce our cost. Bluetooth is the one of the indoor navigator that play its own functions. In 1994, Bluetooth was initiated by the team of researchers at Ericsson Mobile Communications. According to the history of the creation of Bluetooth : â€Å"The name â€Å"Bluetooth† is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand-or Harold Bluetooth in English. During the formative stage of the trade association a code name was needed to name the effort. King Blatand was instrumental in uniting warring factions in parts of what are now Norway, Sweden, and Denmark – just as Bluetooth technology is designed to allow collaboration between differing industries such as the computing mobile phone and automotive markets. The code name as stuck.† (Bluetooth SIG 2006) Nowadays, many of the gadgets like handphones, smartphones, printers, fax machines, computers and other device provide Bluetooth technology as one of the facilities and attraction to their customers. That why most of the people in the world know about the technology of Bluetooth. Bluetooth has their own characteristics. Firstly, Bluetooth is short range communication. There have three types of distance that Bluetooth can function which are the longest distance is 100 meters , intermediate distance is 10 meters , and the shortest distance is 10 cm. However, it is very effective at the short distance and in noisy frequency. Bluetooth is different with the Wi-Fi and WLANs technology, Wi-Fi and WLANs had long range communication but need to have networks. Secondly, Bluetooth supply cable-free environment which can replace the portable cable to connect between two devices and can use to build ad hoc network either at the same device or at different device. At that time, Bluetooth is the most suitable technology for consumers to use it even it have several weaknesses. In addition, to use Bluetooth, Third, among the technology system that appeared nowadays, Bluetooth is more cheap than other devices. Usually, a traditional testing technology show that most of the devices are expensive because of the use of cable, use an expensive measurement equipment, put many sensors to the measurement and so on. All of the action above will increase cost of the device. Different with Bluetooth, it is a simple process that only used radio waves and spread-spectrum frequency-hopping technique. The cost for adding Bluetooth in any device is not more than $5 to $10. Most of the people are afford to have it. Besides that, Bluetooth use two types of links for it process. First is Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) and second is Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL). The process of Bluetooth use the concept of master and slave. For Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO), the process is between master and a single slave in the piconet which is symmetric point to point. SCO need a symmetric point to voice link point for sending and receiving voice packets from one device to another device at certain time intervals. SCO process is started from a master device. When the master device send any data via SCO link in a slot, the slave will send back to the following slot. There are several type of SCO. â€Å"HV1 carries 10 data bytes and is transmitted every 2 slots, HV2 carries 20 data bytes and is transmitted every 4 slots and HV3 carries 30 data bytes and is transmitted every 6 slots.†( For Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL), the system is different with SCO because it need to wait for acknowledgement from the receiver. This style of link is more safe than SCO. If the signal do not receive to the receiver, ACL will send it back until the receiver get it. After that, the recipient will check the packet and clarify the data transmission via cyclic redundancy code (CRC) to make sure the data is correct. ACL is point-to-multipoint link which is between master and slaves in the piconet. In the piconet, ACL can work only in a single link. The process of Bluetooth is started when there have piconet master link with slave devices. â€Å"One piconet can have a maximum of seven active slave devices and one master device. All communication within a piconet goes through the piconet master. Two or more piconets together form a scatternet, which can be used to eliminate Bluetooth range restrictions† (Haataja, 2006). After that, data will transfer between Bluetooth devices and physical channel. Transmission is occur in packets that is subdivided into time units known as slots. THESIS STATEMENT LITERATURE REVIEW Bluetooth is created for short range communication without using any cable or cable free environment. Most of the people nowadays use Bluetooth instead of transfer information via cable. Usually, Bluetooth can use at computers, mobile phones, cars, headphone earphone, camera and printer. It is easy and not expensive. However, there are lot of problem during using Bluetooth. 1. PROBLEM Bluetooth does not have licensed frequency band. The way it works may cause the security of the system easy to attack by other people. It will make harm to the devices. The intruders are easily interrupted the process and know the information transfers during the devices communicate to each other. Thus , Bluetooth need increase the quality of the system to be more safe for consumers to used the communication style. However, the most important problem that occurs in Bluetooth technology is range limitation or range constraint during the process of transferring data. It is possible for data transmission in a short range. There have three classification of distance that Bluetooth can function. First, data transmission at 100 meters , second is 10 meters and the shortest distance is 10 centimeter but the consumers must remember that the shortest distance, the fastest the data transmission process. In addition, the amount of data can affect the effectiveness of Bluetooth during the process of transferring the data. If the data is large or big in size, the rate of the transferring data is become slow. This is because the network is over loaded then the data transmission become slower than usual. Sometimes, somebody need to wait for a few minutes and unluckily, if the devices have problem with it, the process will stop without any notice. That why we need to confirm that the data is safely receive to the recipient device. If not, it is just waste your time for waiting the Bluetooth process to finished. Not only that, Bluetooth always can not reach the device properly even the device is on for Bluetooth, only for certain devices they can pair to each other. Sometimes, they can pair to each other but need an afford to pair them by doing it several times. It will takes time to pair the devices. After that, if the data transmission is large, a lot of time is needed. Therefore, time dilation is occur during using the Bluetooth technology either waiting the devices paring each other or the data safely transmitted to the receiver. Moreover, the battery of the devices will decrease not same as usual. Transmission of data will cause a little bits of battery. As we know, most of the technology devices are created with short durability of battery like smartphone and laptop. The causes of the decreasing of the battery in a short time for certain devices are there have lots of system installed at the devices with high intensity of light and many more factors. Therefore, the uses of Bluetooth will increasing the rate of battery of the devices getting low. Lastly, among the problems above, it is easily to say that the most affected is the range limitation in the Bluetooth. Because of the range limitation, the distance to connect the devices is limited, takes time if the data is quite large, security of the system is vulnerable and difficult to pair among the devices. Thus, a few research was occur to settle the problems. The researchers try to find a single way to expanse range. 2. LIMITATION Connection– Bluetooth can connect after transmitter and receiver getting pair to each other. Otherwise, those device can not connect to each other and the data transmission will not happen. Speed Bluetooth was created for low speed transmission of data. If the amount of  data is larger, the speed become slower. Therefore , we can conclude that transferring data will take time because the speed of Bluetooth process is slow. Range The range of the Bluetooth is limit only for 100 meters (the longest  distance that Bluetooth can function). If the distance between the devices far from that, Bluetooth system will does not work. 3. SIGNIFICANT Actually Bluetooth is important in replacement of wire or cable during communication between two or more than two devices. It is also important in GPS receivers and medical equipment. The development of Bluetooth is become fastest and the product of Bluetooth devices appeared into our life with many variation like Bluetooth home-network, Bluetooth earphone, and Bluetooth head phone. Typical Use of a Bluetooth enabled phone as a data modem for a PC In addition, Bluetooth is popular because it can share the data with different device. For example, data from laptop can be transfer via Bluetooth to the smartphone. Furthermore, Bluetooth can transfer data to the eight devices by using piconet. The application is easy and does not need a large provision. Besides, we can control the data transmission by accepting or rejecting it from any devices that we do not know. Bluetooth can our device more safe from any unneeded data. Indirectly, we can protect our devices from any virus via Bluetooth. Several common misperception about the function of Bluetooth such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi competing to each other. In fact, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi were created with different function and ability. Bluetooth is created for wire replacement at short distance connection while Wi-Fi is used for getting data, video and voice at 300 meters. Therefore, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi not competing to each other but help to complete and settle the problem of consumers. This is one of the research do by connectBlue 2014. 4. RANGE EXPANSION First of all, we need to identify the power transmitted in the Bluetooth process. There have 3 classess of power range which are 1mW (1 meter), 2.5mW (10 meters) and 100 mW (100 meters). According to the range above, we can see the power restrictions. The highest transmitting power when access at the short distance or small size in data. But if the distance between the Bluetooth devices is far or have large size of data, the lowest transmitting power will access. Due to this problem, there have one way to increase the power during transmit the data or any information via Bluetooth. Therefore we can do a hypothesis that when the distance between two Bluetooth devices is lower, the power control transmit the data will increase. So, it will slow down the interference with other transmitter. As we know apart of problems come from Bluetooth can be settle if the range of connection is large. Therefore, the range is the most important parameter for any Bluetooth devices to increase the power control. So, there have one way to overcome the basic limitation of range in Bluetooth. Establish a network through enabled intermediary device. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication and omni-directional antennae among the most electronics devices nowadays, the transmission of data will sent to any hosts that on the Bluetooth. In addition, the host can on or off the wireless connection without notifying other hosts. Therefore , during the connection ,both two devices must know and on the Bluetooth system to transfer and receive the data. If both devices that want to connect each other are out of their transmission range, the other devices that around the sender of data will receive it and can forward to another devices. According to the increasing of mobility of wireless hosts, every host must have their own capability of an autonomous system, or centralized administration. Not only because end-hosts are transient the mobility and autonomy introduces a dynamic topology of the networks but also because intermediate hosts on a communication path are transient. That why both devices must have a network to allow the intermediary device function and Bluetooth process will occur. Moreover , to start the connection of Bluetooth device without any limitation of range, we must provide an ad-hoc network with available to all devices. For easy understanding, we can apply network at our devices spontaneously and available to who ever at that area. Not only that, the network can use for a specific applications and at temporary usage. However, every devices need to upgrade their accessible devices due to theis list. Thus, it is easy to all consumers to transfer data by using Bluetooth if that network can provide for any devices. A process to expand the range of Bluetooth or broke the limitation of range in Bluetooth are not complex and only need intermediate hosts. The process need two type of routing process which are static and dynamic. In static routing process, it is independent and maintained for every node for every requirement. While for dynamic routing process , it is work when it is needed in the process. If the sender and the receiver want to transfer the data, they need to send data and find the route by their own then create the routing table.

Totalitarian Regime in Nineteen Eighty Four and the Partys Methods of

1984, written by George Orwell and published in 1949, follows the life of Winston Smith and his attempts to rebel against the totalitarian state in which he lives. Winston lives in London in the country of Oceania, led by Big Brother, a strict party which maintains power and control by censoring everyone's behaviour and thoughts and trying to recreate people in the party's image. Throughout the book, the party attempts to gain complete control over Oceania in many different ways, some, similarly used, currently. In many ways, 1984 could be described as reflecting many political issues in reality, for example, the nazi regime and Hitler's way of controlling the country. This is quite likely as the book is written at about the time that Hitler was in power, and some say that 1984 is a depiction of how life would be like, if the world had continued to be run in a totalitarian way. The description of Big Brother, himself, is very similar to Hitler's appearance - a man of about forty-five with a heavy black moustache and like Hitler, big brother has an idea of what people should be like and how they should behave. The fact that Big Brother targets young people, in particular, and tries to brainwash them into loving the party, is similar to Hitler?s attempts to get young people on his side and to get them involved in his conquest. This is one of the main ways in which Big Brother gains control over Oceania. By targeting the younger generation, they can be sure that they don?t have many previous t houghts and aren?t as logical as adults, to work out when Big Brother has twisted the truth or tried to cover up the past. They also make the party appeal to the children, by having songs, processions, banners and celebrations and even tur... ...ting in books or reading, is forbidden as you can not express yourself or show any individuality. The language is being replaced by ?newspeak?, a language where there is no variation in words and the only way to exaggerate something is by using plus on the front of the word so that the only purpose of language is for communicating and it can no longer be enjoyed. All of these methods which the party has used were successful in 1984, in gaining the power. If the party were to continue to be in charge of Oceania after 1984, no-one like Winston would exist any more, and everyone would believe what Big Brother was saying from day to day, without getting any enjoyment out of life. It is easy to imagine that in the end, there will be no separating man from woman, the war would continue on forever and the only purpose of the human race would be to serve Big Brother.

Klamath Falls Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

the paper is about the water crisis that is taking place right now in the Klamath Falls are of Oregon. It discusses the many problems that the different groups of interest are dealing with. The main group that I focused on was the view point of the farmers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Klamath Lake, along with other various rivers, lakes and canals that surround it, are the basis for almost 500 species of wildlife in southern Oregon and parts of northern California. It also serves as the most important factor in a farmer’s livelihood; their irrigation. The basis for the water crisis that is going to today in this region is that the current water levels and somewhat water quality are diminishing and reeking havoc on the area’s wildlife. The most notable argument from our guest lecturers and Steve Kandra (our somewhat uninvited tour guide), is that the water levels are too shallow for the two species of sucker fish to fully mature and to spawn. This makes it difficult to the many other species that rely on the sucker for a source of food, the most popular being the bald eagle, which is also an endangered species. Aside from the wildlife issues, the other main issue involved in this water crisis is the right to water usage. Some o f these water rights date back many years but, they are still having difficulty deciding who gets to use the water and exactly how much they should use. There are also many other parties involved in this crisis, aside from environmentalists and irrigators, which I feel, are left out and many people don’t realize their role in the crisis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Coming from a finance background myself, I feel that one of the major stake holders in this issue that are being overlooked are the local business owners as well as the businesses that purchase goods from the Klamath area businesses. Since many of the family farmers around this area are unable to irrigate, they have no crop to sell. This in turn means they either have no income to purchase goods or in the worst case scenario, they might have to sell some of the assets to pay for their living expenses. These assets could include anything from faming equipment to the land itself. Having been to the Klamath Falls area personally, I noticed that it is not a very wealthy town, to say the least. You will notice that there are not a lot of corporate firms compared to fam... ...use. They said that cattle can damage the land very easily and it can take quite a few years to reverse the damage. It also discussed some of the problems with the cattle polluting the streams. What wasn’t discussed very much were the steps that the ranchers were taking to help preserve the land. It seems like all they did was focus on the negative side of what cattle can do to the land. Regardless of what someone’s standing is on the water crisis debate, it is very apparent that there isn’t going to be any short term solution to this problem. As stated by Steve Kandra and another speaker, the way I understood it was that the current biological order is in place for ten years. This doesn’t leave any room for improvement. Another factor to consider is that there is 70% less rain fall this year compared to the average. This is going to be very difficult for them to keep the water levels stable without the irrigators even taking any water. On MSNBC, a reporter discussed the current conditions around the Klamath Basis as well as a number of other places throughout the west. Many states involved with the problem of dramatically less rain fall have already declared a drought for summer.

The thrust of the Computer Security Plan

The thrust of the Computer Security Plan part of the Business Plan is to ensure that the information systems to be deployed by the company will be in line with of the strategic mission and vision of the company. In order to insure that the information technology infrastructure and resources will meet the requisite requirements of every strategic, tactical and operational plan, the company decided to start on the right footing by adapting the standards contained in the ISO/IEC 17799:2005 or specifically known as the Information Technology – Security Techniques – Code of Practice for Information Security Management. By purchasing the ISO 17799 Toolkit, the company can follow the roadmap for a more secure information systems environment, implement the policies contained in the toolkit, and eventually obtain ISO 17799 certification to add more value to the consulting business. Specifically, the company will initially address the following areas that require immediate attention: 1.User authentication methods and policies – This will be based on Section 11.1.1 of ISO 17799 wherein, â€Å"An access control policy should be established, documented, and reviewed based on business and security requirements for access. Access control rules and rights for each user or group of users should be clearly stated in an access control policy. Access controls are both logical and physical and these should be considered together. Users and service providers should be given a clear statement of the business requirements to be met by access controls.† 2.Desktop policies – This will be based on Sections 11.3.2 Unattended user equipment and 11.3.3 Clear desk and clear screen policy wherein, â€Å"Users should ensure that unattended equipment has appropriate protection. All users should be made aware of the security requirements and procedures for protecting unattended equipment, as well as their responsibilities for implementing such protection. Users should be advised to terminate active sessions when finished, unless they can be secured by an appropriate locking mechanism, e.g. a password protected screen saver; log-off mainframe computers, servers, and office PCs when the session is finished; secure PCs or terminals from unauthorized use by a key lock or an equivalent control. A clear desk policy for papers and removable storage media and a clear screen policy for information processing facilities should be adopted.† 3.Remote user authentication methods and policies – This will be based on Section 11.4.2 User authentication for external users of ISO 17799 wherein, â€Å"Appropriate authentication methods should be used to control access by remote users. Authentication of remote users can be achieved using, for example, a cryptographic based technique, hardware tokens, or a challenge/response protocol. Possible implementations of such techniques can be found in various virtual private network (VPN) solutions. Dedicated private lines can also be used to provide assurance of the source of connections. Dial-back procedures and controls, e.g. using dial-back modems, can provide protection against unauthorized and unwanted connections to an organization's information processing facilities. This type of control authenticates users trying to establish a connection to an organization's network from remote locations.† 4.Password policy – This will be based on Section 11.3.1 Password use of ISO 17799 wherein, â€Å"Users should be required to follow good security practices in the selection and use of passwords. All users should be advised to keep passwords confidential; avoid keeping a paper or software record of passwords, unless this can be stored securely and the method of storing has been approved; change passwords whenever there is any indication of possible system or password compromise; select quality passwords with sufficient minimum length which are easy to remember; not based on anything somebody else could easily guess or obtain using person related information; not vulnerable to dictionary attacks; free of consecutive identical, all-numeric or all-alphabetic characters; change passwords at regular intervals or based on the number of accesses, and avoid re-using or cycling old passwords; change temporary passwords at the first log-on; not include passwords in any automated log-on process, not use the same password for business and non-business purposes.† 5.Communication process for email, secure file exchange via email – This will be based on Section 10.1.1 Documented operating procedures of ISO 17799 wherein, â€Å"Operating procedures should be documented, maintained, and made available to all users who need them. Documented procedures should be prepared for system activities associated with information processing and communication facilities, such as computer start-up and close-down procedures, backup, equipment maintenance, media handling, computer room and mail handling management, and safety. Operating procedures, and the documented procedures for system activities, should be treated as formal documents and changes authorized by management. Where technically feasible, information systems should be managed consistently, using the same procedures, tools, and utilities.† To further manage the information technology infrastructure and resources, the plan calls for the adoption of the â€Å"best-of-breed† approach by way of making certain that the building blocks of information security (Shaurette 2002) are fully exploited. These building blocks include the optimum use of security policies, authentication, access control, anti-virus/content filtering systems, virtual private networking (VPN)/encryption methodologies, vulnerability services consulting, intrusion protection system, and public key infrastructure (PKI)/certification authorities (CA)/digital signatures systems. This is considered to be the first step towards finding a technique for modeling and evaluating the security of a system (Stjerneby 2002).

Motivational Leadership Essay

Effective leadership has a tremendous impact on the success of an organization. Darling & Heller (2011) infers that â€Å"with regard to individuals in leadership roles, their thoughts and feelings, fundamentally based on attitudes, thereby also control the levels of organizational success and every other aspect of an organizational leader’s arena of endeavor† (p. 9). Achieving optimal organizational performance is very much so dependent on the effectiveness of that organization’s leaders. Five topics interrelated to leadership effectiveness will be addressed in this paper. (1) Feedback works for leadership and tell why you think it could be beneficial. (2) Present an overview of the Contingency Theory of Leadership effectiveness to include Situational Leadership II. (3) Share some ways that you as a leader could lead your company in being socially responsible and creating an ethical organization. (4) Provide a brief analysis of empowerment; be certain to include the relationship between delegation and empowerment. (5) Discuss how leaders can foster teamwork within a group. All of these topics and/or concepts are essential aspects to achieving high levels of quality, roductivity and satisfaction within an organization. The concept of 360-degree Feedback is to formally evaluate an organization’s leaders through feedback from individuals that work closely with those leaders (e. g. subordinates, colleagues, direct supervisors, other superiors, suppliers and/or customers). According to Dubrin (2010), 360-degree Feedback is also referred to as multisource or multirater feedback, and is systematically derived from a full sampling of parties who directly interact with the leader (p. 110). One particular method for organizations to easure leadership effectiveness through the 360-degree Feedback concept is to set up a system utilizing the internet or the organization’s intranet. That system should be based on the attributes that organization deems to be the most significant and valuable. The 360-degree Feedback is of great benefit to leaders in providing them insight into the effectiveness of their behaviors and styles. The feedback mainly serves for developmental purposes (behaviors, attitudes, and styles), and not for the purposes of evaluating the leader’s performances. The 360-degree Feedback not only benefits the ndividual leaders, but it also is a vital component to the organization, as a whole. Organizations benefit from 360-degree feedback instrument in the following ways: (a) individual performance improvement, (b) impact on business goals, and (c) impact on organizational culture (Rehbine-Zentis, 2007, p. 160). The Contingency Theory of Leadership is the assumption that a leader’s ability to lead is contingently based on various situational factors, internally and externally. The following are various factors that could greatly influence a leader’s effectiveness within heir organization: the capabilities of the workforce, the culture within the organization, and the competiveness of market. Leaders who are have been highly effective within one organization, may not deliver that same effectiveness within a different organization. An important perspective on implementing contingency leadership is that the leader must be flexible enough to avoid adhering to old ideas that no longer fit the current circumstances or situation (Dubrin, 2010, p. 133). I can definitely see the validity of the theory in reference to my own experiences in previous leadership positions. It is absolutely about he ability to successfully and effectively adapt to different organizational environments. Like the Contingency Theory of Leadership, the Situational Leadership II style is a contingency leadership approach that is solely based on the theory that there is no one particular best style of leadership that fits all situations. This leadership style focuses mainly on the capabilities or behaviors of individuals and/or groups that one leads. Blanchard (1997) asserts, â€Å"Situational Leadership II advocates that the best leaders provide the amount and kind of direction and support which best fits the developmental evel of the employee† (p. 38). As a leader, I can encourage my organization to focus on ethical business practices and social responsibility, beyond profit pursuit, based upon our strategic organizational goals, mission and vision statements. I would initially ensure that the organization’s environment was a positive, engaging culture conducive to intellectual development. Individuals within an organization invest about one-third of their time at work, a pleasant work environment increases the chances that their life will be enriched (Dubrin, 2010, p. 181). There would be a significance placed on competing fairly and onestly, not causing harm to others (internally/externally), and communicating truthfully. I would ensure that my organization is offering goods and services that are valuable and essential to consumers. We would be consistent in providing quality employment to individuals which would benefit them in providing for their families, in the forms of, paying them salaries/wages, offering quality health insurance and/or child care services, matching retirement plan contributions, etc. We would also benefit society in maintaining ethical practices in our financial obligations through paying taxes which elps fund education, support government, build highways, as well as provide funds to enhance our local, state and national public safety/defense systems. According to Forsyth (1997), â€Å"genuine changes to business practices have to be made in order to protect the environment† (p. 272). I would ensure that, as an organization, we were utilizing the most up-to-date technology and economic solutions to reduce or alleviate any environmental issues that we faced. My organization would take every possible precaution to not generate unnecessary waste and pollution through the improper onsumption of resources, as well as from the possible emission of toxic air pollutants caused by our manufacturing processes. The concept of empowerment involves a power transfer from higher levels of employees to lower levels of employees within an organization (Khalid & Sarwar, 2011). Leaders that utilize positive empowering practices with their employees are more likely to increase their organization’s productivity. When employees are given the opportunity to share in the responsibilities of their leaders and/or managers, they feel more powerful and valued. Empowerment is also advantageous to an organization, in respect to owering labor costs through the sharing of those managerial responsibilities with its lower-level employees. According to Dubrin (2010), leaders can promote empowerment within their organization through fostering initiatives and employee responsibility, linking work activities to the organization’s strategic goals, providing ample information to their employees, and by allowing group member or individual employees to choose their preferred method for meeting a goal (p. 205-206). One contributing factor to empowerment is the act of delegation which is more of a formal ssignment of tasks and responsibilities. Delegation, as well as, empowerment can be a very motivational tool which offers individuals the benefit of skill development. The bottom line is that both concepts represent the core principle of accountability. Teamwork is vital to an organization’s success. Being that teams consist of individuals with different backgrounds, beliefs, ideas and points of view, it is imperative that we always be respectful and embrace the rewards that diversity brings within the team. As leaders, we can foster teamwork within a group through providing team embers with clear descriptions of the team’s goals, mission and tasks, commanding performance commitment and excellence, providing direction and feedback, alleviating micromanagement practices, forming virtual teams utilizing e-leadership, and encouraging power sharing which ensures that each team member is being heard, taken seriously and treated respectfully (Dubrin, 2010). More importantly, encouraging teamwork and utilizing teams are essential in increasing an organization’s productivity and achieving cohesiveness throughout the organization. A leader’s ability to build ffective teams committed to organizational goals tops the list of priorities in todays dynamic business landscape (â€Å"Work at fostering teamwork on the job,† 2011). Teams can produce higher-quality solutions, as well as foster creativity and positive energy. Effective teams are capable of being more adept at solving difficult, complex problems than that of the organization’s â€Å"top-performing† individuals. Creating teams can also cause an increase in commitment, lower stress levels, diminish internal-competiveness, and promote flexibility in responding to the organization’s needs, in relation to, â€Å"business† changing.